Stonehenge and the Full Moon

In our modern age, we tell time largely by the passage of the sun and the solar day and that means that the sun and not the moon largely determines our modern time. However, people have always used the moon as a way to tell time along with the sun and the legacy of lunar time persists in the calendar month as one cycle of the moon and week as a moon quarter. As a result, lunar time is still deeply embedded into the consciousness of humanity along with solar time. 

Stonehenge is an ancient solar and lunar calendar in Wiltshire, England, that is an arrangement of stones called henges and holes for wooden henges that tell both solar and lunar times. Constructed around 2,600 BCE (over 4,600 years ago) and used for over 1,000 years, the main alignment of Stonehenge shows the directions of the summer and winter solstices as well as spring and autumn equinoxes as shown in the figure below. This alignment with the solstices tells a solar time of year by the sunrise and sunsets of solstices and equinoxes at right angles to the solstices, the four solar celebrations of the ancient Druids.

Stonehenge also tells lunar time with an inner circle of 30 Sarsen stone henges that represent the 29-30 days of the lunar period along with an outer circle of 56 Aubrey pits (wooden henges) that count moon periods and lunar years. Since there are 14 moons for each lunar year, the Aubrey circle counts 4 lunar years with its 56 pits. There are also 7 lunar years for every 8 solar years for the winter/summer solstices of the Stonehenge calendar and that product shows 7 x 8 = 56 lunar solar yrs.

The 56 Aubrey pits allowed Stonehenge to count both the 4 solar celebrations of solstices and equinoxes along with the four interspersed lunar celebrations for 14 solar years and 4 lunar years. The Stonehenge calendar included one lunar celebration as one of the full moons between each pair of solar celebration for a total 8 celebrations that are the same in the modern Druid wheel of 8. Today's modern holidays reflect the 8 celebrations from the ancients.

In principle, there are three full moons on average between each solar celebration, but since the full moon period shifts as much as one moon relative to the solar month, it is important to sometimes choose the first full moon and sometimes the second full moon. That meant that the lunar celebrations would better synchronize with the solar celebrations.

In addition to being a solar calendar of the 4 solar celebrations of solstices and equinoxes, Stonehenge also counted days in a moon period as well as moons in a lunar year in order to intercalate four lunar celebrations. A lunar calendar counts the 14 moons for each lunar year, which means 4 lunar years in the 56 Aubrey holes along with 14 solar years by counting 4 solar celebrations. Solar solstices and equinoxes along with full moons have all traditionally marked Druid ceremonies and that tradition continues today for many modern holidays. From the Chinese New Year’s to Easter and Yom Kippur, the cycles of the moon therefore continue to impact human behavior. Even today, knowledge of the full moon is further helpful for harvesting and hunting and other outdoor activities as well as prediction of the ocean tide.

Many people have proposed that the Stonehenge calendar also predicts solar and lunar eclipses. While it is certainly possible to use a Stonehenge solar-lunar calendar to predict lunar and solar eclipses, eclipse predictions need further knowledge of a third cycle, the Saros 18 yr cycle, and discerning the Saros cycle necessitates centuries of fairly accurate astronomical observations. The day of solar and lunar eclipses repeat every Saros cycle of 18 years and this period predicts both lunar and solar eclipses. During each 18 year Saros cycle, there are about 40 eclipses and so the Saros cycle requires not only a fairly accurate calendar, it requires several centuries of careful observation with reasonably clear skies.

It is not clear that the knowledge of the Saros cycle of eclipses was available to the ancients of Stonehenge and the less than optimum visibility of the sunrise, sunsets, moonrise, and moonsets in that climate would suggest that eclipse predictions would have been very unlikely. Since predicting the time of year and phase of the moon did offer distinct survival advantages, Stonehenge makes perfect sense as both a solar and lunar calendar. However, the precision of the Stonehenge calendar does not seem consistent with the long-term observations needed for eclipse predictions.

Humanity today adjusts our modern calendar month to the rhythm of the solar day and year and we have therefore lost much of the ancient lunar rhythms that tell time with the variable periods of the full moon. A solar calendar month averages 30.4 days each over a non-leap 365 day year, whereas the actual lunar month is 29.53 days for an average full moon period. And yet the periods of the full moon still affect things that happen to humanity. For example, the average female menstrual period is 29.1 days and is closer to the 29.5 days of the average full moon than to the 30.4 days of our average calendar month. In fact, the average gravity period of the lunar orbit is 27.6 days, which is also an important cycle for the changes of full moon periods.

There is a cyclic variation of the period of the full moon due to the coupling of both lunar and solar periods and it is that variation of the full moon period that affects the tides and weather patterns associated with those tidal flows. So the full moon period does have demonstrable affects on human behavior and there is a long history that associates phases of the moon with various behaviors. The word lunacy, after all, comes from the lunar root and the poetry and behavior of people has long association with the lunar phase.

The cycles of lunar full moon period or number of days, though, do not have the same popular following as does following the phases of the moon. The cycles of the lunar period are mainly due to a beating of the period of the full moon, 29.53 days, with the period of the gravity moon orbit, 27.55 days. These two lunar periods result in two beat cycles of 1.13 and 8.85 yrs and that means that there are roughly seven lunar years as cycles of moon periods for every eight solar years. This means that there are 56 moons in 4 lunar years along with 14 solar years with 4 solstices/equinoxes to make the 56 solar celebrations in 14 solar years. There are also 4 lunar celebrations to make up the 8 celebrations of each Druid year.

The Chinese lunar calendar is several thousand years old and places the winter solstice in the eleventh lunar month, which means the New Year is usually the second new moon after the winter solstice. The Christian Easter is the Sunday following the first full moon after the spring equinox, but as determined by the ancient Nicene and not a modern calendar. There are many other religious holidays that remain anchored to the full moon period and so continue to affect human behavior.

The fractional periods of the moon relative to the solar periods make moon predictions difficult. Lunar calendars are always therefore more complex than solar calendars and this was true for ancient peoples of the Stonehenge. Knowledge of the Saros eclipse period of 18.03 years predicts both lunar and solar eclipses, traditional harbingers of fortune, but the Saros period takes many years of observation. The Saros period comes from the moon period between when it crosses the sun's path, which is 27.2 days. This lunar cycle beats at 18.6 yrs and 18 yrs is the intersection of the three lunar periods.

The variability of the period of the full moon is quite well known and largely due to the beating of the full moon period of 29.53 days with the period of the lunar gravity orbit of 27.55 days. The beating of these two frequencies results in a variation of full moon periods with cycles of both 1.13 and 8.85 years as shown in the figure. The precise measurement of the earth-moon distance with a reflected laser pulse has shown that the earth-moon distance increases by 38 mm per year. Given the 384,400 km average earth-moon distance, 38 mm/yr means that the moon orbit period slows by 0.31 ppb/yr, very close to the expected 0.26 ppb/yr of classical aethertime decay, but far less than the variability due to other factors.

This figure shows the period of full moons as a function of fractional solstice year where each year begins on the winter solstice, Dec. 20th. The coincidence of the winter solstice with a peak in the full moon period occurs every 8 solar years, but only seven lunar years. This fundamental difference between solar and lunar periods is what the stone and wooden henges seems to represent.

Quantum Aether Entanglement and Phase Coherence

Phase coherence is a property of quantum sources that classical sources do not seem to have, but in fact phase coherence affects all observers and sources in the universe, just in different ways. Instead of the single knowable state of a classical source, say a red color, two quantum sources with coherent phase can exist in a coherent superposition of states, say both red and blue. This entanglement can occur even though those the quantum sources might be located across the universe from each other.

The exact object color of one source is unknowable until an observer sees that source as red or blue. The observation of one of two coherent source superposition states as red then immediately determines the other source state as blue even across the universe. Before the measurement, though, the two sources existed as a superposition of both red and blue and so the exact state of both sources in the past is unknowable.

There is a knowable phase coherence that two classical objects also exhibit, but for classical objects in general relativity, all reality is determinate and therefore classical coherent states are knowable. A classical observer might not know which of two a classical sources is red or blue, but that classical knowledge is always knowable. That is, once an observer sees one classical source as red, they also immediately know that the other classical source is blue even if the other classical source lies across the universe. However, the colors for each of the two classical sources were always classically knowable and once an observer sees a classical source as red, they know that it was always red. There are no superposition states for classical sources nor is there any decay of the phase coherence between two classical sources except due to perturbations from other sources.

Classical determinate sources in general relativity do not appear to show quantum phase coherence, but really it is the decoherence of quantum phase that makes quantum sources different from classical sources, not really phase coherence per se. After all, two classical sources with coherent colors also remain perfectly coherent in a determinate classical universe in the absence of perturbations. Those two coherent colors represent determinate geodesic paths for general relativity as well.

On the one hand, correlated colors for two classical sources represent something that an observer can know about each source. Even though the observer might not know the color of either source to begin with, once seeing that a classical object is red, the classical observer also then immediately knows that classical sources was always red. The observer also then immediately knows that the source's coherent twin's color was blue even across the universe and that twin had its classical correlation for the same period of time.

Unlike two classical sources, two coherent quantum sources somehow oscillate between those coherent color states as a superposition of amplitudes and do not exist as either one or the other colors until an observation or some other action dephases them. In the quantum universe, dephasing is an inextricable part of seeing or measuring the color of a quantum source and immediately tells the observer the state of its coherent twin even across the universe. Since decoherence is an inextricable part of all sources in the universe, observers can never be absolutely certain about the natures of objects that they sense. That is because neither quantum twin existed as red nor blue prior to the measurement or action that dephased one of the sources into a red or blue state.

The mystery of quantum entanglement has to do not really with why a quantum source can be either of two colors or how two quantum sources can remain coherent with each other across time and space. The mystery of quantum entanglement has to do with even when an observer sees that an source is red, they still simply cannot know that that same source was always red before they observed it. As soon as the nearby quantum object is red for certain, the distant source decoheres to blue and stops its oscillation between red and blue. The distant quantum source can now only be blue even though before that time, it's state was not knowable.

Although quantum charge is a local force with very fast decoherence, quantum gravity is a long range force that has a much slower decoherence. In aethertime, every quantum charge state like red and blue with very fast decoherence has a complementary quantum gravity state with much slower decoherence. In fact, quantum gravity states exist with the decoherence times of the universe. While quantum charge is a very local force, quantum phase is also part of the glue that holds the universe together.

The color of a red source is due to a large number of photons of light across a wide spectrum of light around that red color. When we see a classical source as red, we sense only a very small fraction of a very large number of photons emanating from that red source. For such large and macroscopic classical sources as red apples, a red color is a property of a very large number of particles at the surface of that source.

In contrast to the color of a classical source, the color of a quantum source may be due to just one photon of light interacting with a single particle. Since observer eyes are not sensitive to just one photon, observers must use spectrometers to know whether a single particle is red or blue. That single photon still represents a whole spectrum of frequencies superimposed as a single time pulse that bonds the observer to the particle for some period of decoherence. During that superposition between the observer and the particle, the observer oscillates along with the particle between the possible futures of red or blue. When the observer becomes decoherent from the particle, that leaves the observer in the red or blue state as well as the quantum gravity state that goes along with the color.

The phase coherence of a quantum source decays as a result of not only measurement, but also due to perturbations with other objects just like perturbations affect the classical spins of objects. The decay of phase coherence is due to the classical noise of chaos as well as quantum phase noise and there is simply no classical meaning for quantum phase noise.

The meandering decay of earth's spin period means that a day has varied from +1.4 to -1.5 ms every year over the last 43 years (see figure below) and there are many different factors that perturb Earth's spin by as much as 4 ms per day. In a determinate classical universe, all of these perturbations are knowable and even in a quantum universe, most of these perturbations are likewise knowable. However the quantum dephasing of the universe at 0.255 ppb/yr has no cause other than being simply a property of the universe. Quantum decoherence is an assumption Earth's spin decay that is an unconditioned axiom of the universe.

According to reports, the Earth day has lost from 1.7 ms [0.20 ppb/yr, McCarthy and Seidelmann, 2009] to 2.4 ms [0.28 ppb/yr, Stephenson and Morrison, 1984] over the last 100 years, both decays are consistent with the classical 0.26 ppb/yr decoherence of aethertime within the uncertainty of the measurements. The dephasing of the universe represents phase information that is lost to observers of that same universe since observers dephase along with all other sources in the universe. However, the local decoherence rate does show up in various decays of matter and force and those measurements do provide an absolute velocity relative to the aethertime universe boundary. The shrinking of the universe in this epoch is what defines the speed of light, c, in aethertime.

Therefore, quantum entanglement and decoherence both represent a loss of information as quantum phase noise and so observers cannot know all quantum phase perturbations. While classical entanglement represents knowable perturbations with a determinate universe of local cause and effect, quantum entanglement also involves decoherence of quantum phase commensurate with the universe decay.

Sources as Matter Waves in Our Spectral Reality

A source exists in two complementary representations; as an objective pulse of matter in time and as a subjective matter spectrum at a given moment. A source is a superposition of simpler sources and past matter actions that have all accreted smaller sources into a present moment and the present moment is therefore a superposition of those past actions. That superposition in time represents an objective Cartesian particle reality and corresponds to the material reality that we imagine exists outside of our minds.

However, the superposition in a matter spectrum represents how the source relates to the rest of the universe and to that source's many possible futures. A matter spectrum of wave-like phase and amplitude represents a source as a superposition of possible futures. That matter spectrum represents a relational wave-like reality and corresponds to the immaterial or ideal reality that we imagine exists within our minds. Consciousness is a matter spectrometer that measures the properties of an source at a given moment. Although a matter spectrum represents a source's fixed past, the evolution of that matter spectrum includes many possible futures and is not fixed.

The present moment of an source is both the known or at least knowable Cartesian representation along with the uncertainty of its relations with other sources. A Cartesian source comprises a knowable fossil record of its past matter spectrum while a relational source comprises the uncertainty of the many possible futures of what that source might become. All that we know about a source in the present moment, though, is its matter spectrum or color and one particular color is time delay.

A Cartesian source is made up of fossil matter moments in the present moment with only the actions of a chaotic past where that the source came into existence as in the above figure. A relational source is a superposition of all of its possible futures as a matter spectrum and there are many possible futures that equally well and uniquely describe each source. Even though a source will only ever realize one particular future, the totality of all of the source's other possible futures completely describes that source just as the superposition of its past actions also completely describe the source.

Each source is then equivalent to a superposition of matter wave amplitudes and phases over all time and when those matter waves constructively interfere, an source exists. When an source's matter waves all have a common phase and coherence, that property is the time delay of that source from an observer. Each source also exists in a present moment as a superposition of its possible futures, which are the many matter spectra that include source relations with the entire universe at the present moment. Matter waves will have different phases or possibilities that appear in more than one possible location in space from a source, but matter waves are tied to a common time delay from a source. An observer says that a source exists when they observe it in one place in space as a clump of mass or intensity with one common time delay. But before a source exists at that one time delay as intensity, it may have had coherent amplitudes and therefore other possible futures in more than one location.

Once an observer experiences a source's actual future as the present, all of its other possible futures then decay away. However, all of the other possible futures do not instantaneously dissipate and rather the other futures decay over finite times. The present moment is then a superposition of possible futures and a source can therefore exist in many states during some very short dephasing time.

Matter waves represent all of a source's possible futures and the possibilities of a source all exist before the realization of an source in just one place with just one phase and that one future becomes the present moment. Interactions with other sources in the past localize or dephase most sources that we experience, but there are some sources that continue to exist as superpositions of coherent phase and only localize or dephase when we personally experience or dephase them ourselves. Such matter waves comprise the time moments of a source and with its time moments frozen in the past, sources that we observe in the present have all existed as matter wave superpositions sometime in the past as well.

Observers are also sources and they are bound into a universe of matter and action. Observers exchange matter as waves of amplitude and phase with sources and that matter exchange binds observers to those other sources. What observers sense about a source comes from the light, sound, touch, taste, and smell of that source and from these subjective sensations observers imagine a Cartesian source in one location with one phase. This would be philosophy's source in and of itself, our objective reality, but what we call objective reality is just one of the many possible futures for spectral sources.

We can share and agree with others about measurements of sources with various instruments and techniques that discover all kinds of properties of objective reality, which essentially are the matter spectra of an source. Mass, time, spatial displacement, porosity, color, temperature, etc., are all properties that observers measure and those measurements form an objective reality for each source as a superposition of its matter spectra. Other observers can perform the same measurements and pretty much agree on the same objective properties of a source , its qualia, within some uncertainty. We further imagine that we exchange light and matter with all sources and that exchange is actually how we relate physically to the sources we imagine.

Instead of just our sensations, which are ours alone, we can also agree with other observers about the objective properties of a source, properties that we actually only know subjectively. Thus we imagine sources exist in the Cartesian space outside of our mind and yet we know that we only sense some very few of the many possible futures of those sources by exchange of matter and light and we are just part of one of those possible futures. What we sense are the time delays of a source along with any changes in time delays or matter.

We do not sense matter wave amplitude or phase, rather we sense matter wave intensity, which is the product of the matter wave amplitudes and typically no longer entangles phase coherence. Moreover, each sensation or measurement only represents a limited number of the total possible futures for the source's matter spectrum. While a matter wave that we sense only represents one possibility for an source, we still imagine a complete reality for that source despite the limitations of sensation.

However, we can infer what a single matter wave is like by repeated measurements of a portion of a coherent superposition of identical matter waves. If we were inside of a low frequency but high intensity superposition of coherent photons, we can know what the photon matter wave is like by repeated sampling of its identical superimposed photons. When we sense a potential as voltage, we absorb a small number of photons of the energy of that superposition and infer the nature of the rest of the superposition as a source. When we sense a photon at one Hz with an amplitude of one hundred thousand volts, the electric field that is a 100,000 volt amplitude polarizes in one direction, with plenty of sparks and charging, and later we feel no electric field, and then the electric field polarizes opposite with similar fireworks. So, have we sensed a photon wavefunction or just the collapse of a photon wavefunction?

Is the wavefunction of the photon real or just imaginary? The amplitude of a single photon at a frequency of 1 Hz is only 60e-9 volts, sixty billionths of a volt, and so there would be something like 6e13 coincident photons to make up the current of a 100,000 volt wavepacket. So we sense the details of this wavepacket by consuming some small fraction of its photons and presume that the rest of the wavepacket is made up of identical photons. Thus, we can actually measure the shape of a wavefunction by using scaling arguments and that makes it real.

The amplitude of earth's orbit is a gravity wave at 3.2e-8 Hz and that wave is a very small matter exchange. This gravity wave is the quadrupole photon pair whose exchange with the sun holds the earth to the sun and amounts to a matter wave exchange with the sun of 0.15 earth masses per year. While the earth and sun exchange a large number of dipole photons of lights, it is the excahnge of a very small fraction of quadrupole photon exchanges that we call gravity force.

As long as we can create a large number of coherent and identical photons, we can measure to arbitrary precision the form of the wavefunction for that photon using a scaling argument. It is in this sense that we can show that a wavefunction or matter wave exists as amplitude. Science uses imaginary numbers to help represent cyclic action of a matter wave since the real term represents an in-phase amplitude while the imaginary term represents an out-of-phase amplitude.

The nature of our quantum reality is a collection of oscillating matter waves and quantum action represents the in phase reality with real terms and the out of phase reality with imaginary terms. The real and imaginary terms simply represent the in and out of phase parts of reality that are both solutions to the Schrödinger equation. The reality of phase coherence for matter tends to confuse us because our sensation of a source, i.e. its mass, oscillates with periods that are far beyond sensation. We do sense many properties of light, however, that are due to its oscillation and so it seems like light and matter are very different sources when in fact light is just another manifestation of matter.

Any pair of gravity bodies can have superposition orbits at their Lagrange points, which are points in an orbit where forces are equal and opposite. Smaller sources on these Lagrange orbits A and B have two possible futures around either of the two large bodies like the earth and moon and such sources can then show coherence between orbits. Lagrange points appear to prepare matter into coherent gravitational states that show interference and exchange effects that quantum gravity generates.

Lost In Space was a 1960’s sitcom that was very popular and now lost in space is a metaphor for what is lacking with mainstream science’s approach to the cosmos. Einstein gave us two very important precepts that have greatly helped us to understand the nature of the universe, mass-energy equivalence and gravity delay of light. But Einstein's relativity also left science with a intractable determinism incommensurate with our quantum logic. Space and motion are simple incommensurate between relativity and quantum actions for the same source.

The foundation of general relativity is that energy is equivalent to matter as the mass-energy equivalence, E = mc², or MEE. What MEE means is that source motion as kinetic energy in space is equivalent to an increase in the inertial mass of the source. Turning MEE around means that space and motion actually emerge from changes in the inertial mass of a source over time. So, a source’s action is then a result of a change in its mass and so mass-energy equivalence is not due to motion per se. Rather, motion and space are both the result of MEE and it is kinetic matter that represents kinetic energy and therefore motion in space emerges from kinetic matter. Correspondingly, space itself emerges from the different time delays that we sense for sources and their backgrounds. When the time delays do not change, the potential matter changes such as gravity represent potential energy from which emerges fields in space. While science normally imagines that fields exist a priori in an otherwise empty void of space, our notion of space actually emerges from the unchanging time delays among sources that represent all possible futures.

Mass-energy equivalence results in the dilation of time and with the Lorentz factor, spatial dilation emerges from MEE. Thus it is the very subtle changes in matter over time that describes all action and so motion in space is in some sense simply how we interpret the changes in time delays that we sense as the very subtle changes of matter in time that are action.

Continuous space and motion are two very important notions that represent reality very well. However, continuous space and motion are simply fundamentally incommensurate between gravity and quantum action. In order to fashion a nice quantum gravity, it is necessary to use the notions of discrete matter and time delay to make the quantum action of charge force consistent with a quantum gravity. This approach, called discrete matter and time delay, replaces the pivotal and intuitive role of continuous spatial displacement for action that is the basis of mainstream science. Action in matter time instead involves discrete exchanges of matter among sources over time and it is from those exchanges that the realities of space and motion emerge from how we imagine the cosmos. The simple axioms of matter and a two dimensional time are then consistent with the very powerful tools of quantum action to also define the realm of gravity action.

Gravity results in deflections as well as stable orbits of bodies in space, but gravity also compresses matter in sources and that compression heats the body. In stars, compression and heating results in quantum action of fusion of elements yielding large amounts of heat and light and neutrinos. Gravity compression is the increased bonding states between matter particles by the gravity action of other matter particles of a body. Gravity compression results in mass loss from the radiation of heat and a concomitant formation of potential matter in the compression of the bonds between electrons and protons.

It is somewhat ironic that it is the matter loss as the radiation of heat that leads to the nuclear bonds of fusion that then release even more heat and light and neutrinos. The heat generated by gravitational compression conducts to the surface of the body and radiates as light just as the heat of fusion also conducts to the surface and radiates, but that diffusion of heat can take tens of millions of years for a body like our sun. In other words, the heat of our sun today was the result of fusion that occurred tens of millions of years ago in the sun's center.

The radiation of photons into the universe as heat seems to be simply a byproduct of gravity compression of matter. Gravity compresses the matter of a body and that compression heats the body by pushing the electrons of atoms and molecules closer together. The nuclei of those atoms then move to the new minimum potential energy and that motion is the kinetic energy that we call heat. In reality, it is that radiation that causes gravity force compression, not the other way around. We can equally well imagine correlated pairs of quadrupole photons radiating from the surface of a body as causing the gravity action that compresses that body as vice versa. In other words, science tends to think of gravity action as heating a source by compression and the heat emitting from the surface as dipolar light. Even though this is largely true, it is also the action of photon quadrupole emission at the surface and the diffusion of heat to the surface that represents the bonding of potential matter that we think of as gravity action.

Charge force represents the bonding of electrons to nucleons and is due to the exchange of photons between electrons and nucleons. Each bonding photon in matter represents an exchange that has a complementary photon exchange that further bonds that matter to the universe as gravity force. Gravity force is the result of the bonding of the matter of the universe to both electrons and nucleons by the exchange of photons between the universe and the body. The basic decay of matter, m_dot, is a dephasing decay of the universe boson matter that represents all force.

What this means is that the difference between a photon as a binding particle for quantum action and a photon as complementary binding particle for gravity action is in the ratio of electron to gaechron mass. A photon emitted to the universe creates a binding state with the universe that complements the photon bound state of charge force, which is a binding state of electron mass. This complementarity provides the logical connection between charge and gravity forces into the single unified theme of quantum action.

The time periods of quantum and gravity action are the two clocks that define our reality. While the atomic clock represents time as resonance of an electron-proton bond, the gravity clock of our cosmos ticks with the resonance of the billions of years of a universe pulse in time. Thus, the ratio of these two clock pulses represents the 1e39 difference between charge and gravity forces that bedevils science's imagination.

A two dimensional time represents the time of both our microscopic reality as well as the time of our macroscopic reality as the cosmos. While we live in what we call proper time, a time that is between atomic and cosmic times, each source action occurs with time as a dipole with both amplitude and phase and each pair of sources represent a time quadrupole and it is that time quadrupole that represents the time of both charge and gravity forces.